Author: Simona Ranieri

OBJECTIVES:
This course aims to provide the basic principles and models for the representation of electromagnetic transmission and propagation phenomena up to the description of the most common classes of guiding / radiating elements and of the entire wireless communication link.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Students will have understood the principles and the mathematical representation of transmission, irradiation, propagation and reception of electromagnetic waves. At the end of the course the student: – will know the basic methodologies of problem analysis described by the Maxwell Equations; – will know the solution of Maxwell’s equations in terms of plane waves and the propagation, reflection and refraction modes of the latter; – will know the behavior of transmission lines and will be able to use the Smith diagram; he will know the basic guiding structures and the relative modalities he will be able to characterize the irradiated field at great distance from electromagnetic sources; – will know the descriptive quantities of the behavior of the antennas both in transmission and in reception; –

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Students will be able to interpret the most common phenomena of electromagnetic propagation in free space and in material means. They will be able to understand qualitatively and quantitatively the phenomena and the peculiar characteristics of radiant and basic guiding structures. Thanks to the use of basic CAD and Matlab type calculation software they will be able to directly analyze the different phenomena covered by the course.

AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT:
Students will acquire the ability to integrate the knowledge provided with those found autonomously by accessing the scientific literature / datasheet of components. The autonomous and guided development of exercises (also in Matlab / CAD electromagnetic base) will complete the training.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
Students will be able to illustrate in a synthetic and analytical way all the topics of the course using equations and schemes. They will communicate quantitatively the resolution of exercises and complex problems, also through basic electromagnetic Matlab / CAD.

LEARNING SKILLS:
Students will have acquired the ability to read and understand scientific texts and datasheets in English for further information on the topics covered by the course and for the resolution of the exercises.

SYLLABUS

1.Review of vector analysis and complex Algebra
2.Transmission lines: theory and techniques
3. Electrodynamics and Time varying fields.
4.Plane waves.
5.Guided waves.
6. Radiation and antennas.

DETAILS:

1.Fields , field operators and Phasors.
Review of vector analysis.
Scalar and vector fields.
Line and surface integrals.
Differential operators: Gradient, Divergence, Curl, Laplacian.
Complex Algebra and Phasor.

2.Transmission lines.
The Lumped-Circuit theory.
Sinusoidal waves on the ideal lossless line.
Characteristic impedance. Power transmitted by a single wave.
Reflection and transmission.
Transmission lines with losses.
Standing wave ratio.
Impedance.
The Smith chart.
Impedance matching techniques.
Practical transmission lines.

3. Electrodynamics and Time varying fields.
Displacement current. The continuity equation.
Faraday’s law.
Boundary conditions for the tangential electric field.
Maxwell’s equations.
Sinusoidal fields.
The skin effect.
Boundary conditions for good conductors.
Electromagnetic waves. The uniform plane wave.
The quasi-static approximation.

4. Plane waves.
Characteristics of plane waves. Polarization of plane waves.
Poynting’s theorem.
Reflection and transmission at normal incidence.
Reflection and transmission at oblique incidence.
Plane waves in lossy media.

5.Guided waves.
TEM waves in transmission lines.
Hollow metal waveguides. TE waves. The TE10 mode. Waveguide losses.
Cavity resonator
Microstrip

6. Radiation and antennas.
Sources of radiation.
Far field parameters
Near field parameters
The elementary dipole. Directivity and gain.
Array basic

*the number of credits depends on your study plan. The Study plans A.Y. 22-23 changed in this way: FDC 6 CREDITS

OBJECTIVES

LEARNING OUTCOMES: To provide basic knowledge on deterministic analogic signals, linear time invariant systems, analogic random processes, noise and signal to noise ratio, analogic modulation concepts. To allow practical experience on Matlab.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Obtain capability to apply the acquired knowledge in the field of elementary analogue signal processing to approach and solve problems concerning more complex processing in the field of digital signals. Obtain capabilities to understand problem to approach the job in professional manner.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Obtain and demonstrate to understand problems of university degree of complexity both during the class and on books of equivalent level.
MAKING JUDGEMENTS: Acquire the capability to collect and analyse data on the analogue signal processing to carry out and express opinion autonomously and independently.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Acquire capability to explain what learnt to both skilled and not skilled people.
LEARNING SKILLS: Acquire such a capability to learn to be able to approach the following courses with high degree of autonomy.

SYLLABUS

Deterministic continuous-time signals
Introduction, telecommunication systems and services, definition of signals, ideal transmission of signals, time domain signals, complex notation, basic operations on signals, classification, duration, Dirac impulse, energy and power. Affinity: cross correlation and autocorrelation between energy and power signals. Time domain series representation of signals: Fourier series for periodic signals, representation with series of orthogonal functions,
Fourier series for time limited signals, representation with samples interpolation. Representation in the signal domain, Gram- Schmidt orthogonalization. Linear transformation: Fourier transform. Examples of Fourier transform, affinity for frequency represented signals, energy and power spectrum, sampling theorem in time and frequency domain. Representation in the complex domain: analytic signal and complex envelope. Basics of source signals: analogue and digital signals. Multilevel source signals, binary signals, synchronous and asynchronous signals. Linear transformation between signals, linear and time invariant transformations in one port systems and in two port systems. Ideal two port system, perfect two port systems. Fundamentals of transmission, ideal transmission, perfect transmission systems, perfect linear channels, time continuous linear processing, filters, processing and reverse processing of step signals, total processing. Multiplexing, analogue digital conversion, basics on channel coding, basics on modulation.
Time continuous random variables and stochastic processes. Random variables theory, probability distribution and density functions, conditional probability distribution. Moments, characteristic and generating function of a random variable. Functions of random variables, distribution and density functions computation, sequences of random variables, transformation of random variables, independence of random variables. Expected value, variance and covariance. Conditional density functions, complex random variables. Stochastic processes, generalities, properties and moments. Classification, spectral theory, transformation of stochastic processes. The Gaussian process. Stationary processes, cross correlation, sum of processes and complex process, ciclostationary processes of first and second order, processes represented by the complex envelope, stationary process not in base band, processes represented in time series, real processes with random factors, processes sampled in base band, complex processes with random factors. Gaussian processes: noise, Gaussian stationary noise not in base band, white Gaussian noise in the signal space. Markov processes: properties, continuous and discrete time.
Imperfect transmission Imperfect connection. Undesirable additive affect at the output. Imperfect transmission over linear time variant channel. Imperfect transmission over linear time invariant channel. Imperfect transmission over non linear channel. Imperfect transmission with independent disturbs. Generalities on independent disturbs. Reduction of effects from independent disturbs. System additive Gaussian noise. Power analysis of a transmission system. Single two port system. Power analysis of noisy linear two port system chain. Noisy linear two port systems. Receiver sensitivity.
Signals utilized in transmission systems Harmonic signals modulation. Transmitter and receiver general schemes for modulated harmonic signals. Analogue harmonic modulation. Amplitude modulations (AM). Angle modulations: phase (PM) and frequency (FM). Performance analysis of harmonic modulation systems with analogue signals. Performance of AM systems. Signal to noise ratio for PM and FM systems.
Signals lab Introduction to Matlab and its use to graphically represent signals. Execution of operations among signals (also periodic). Study of signal properties (energy and power) and correlations.